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Product Name: 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene
Synonyms: Durene
CAS Number: 95-93-2
Recommended Use: Intermediate in organic synthesis, fuel additive, laboratory reagent
Supplier: Multiple international chemical suppliers handle this compound for laboratory and industrial applications
Contact Information: Emergency and technical contacts sit on file with chemical supply companies who must supply 24-hour access for safety queries involving transport or exposure.
Emergency Phone Number: Safety hotlines for chemical incidents provided on every label and delivery slip.
GHS Classification: Flammable solid (Category 2), Acute toxicity (oral, Category 4), Eye irritation (Category 2A)
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Combustible, may cause eye irritation, harmful if swallowed
Pictograms: Flame, exclamation mark
Precautionary Statements: Wear protective gloves and eye protection, wash hands thoroughly after handling, do not eat, drink, or smoke when using this product, avoid dust generation, keep away from heat or sparks
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, eye contact
Chemical Identity: 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene
Purity: ≥99% for research and industrial grades
Molecular Formula: C10H14
Molecular Weight: 134.22 g/mol
Impurities: Trace polyalkylated benzenes, methylated toluenes (often less than 1%)
Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air. Seek medical attention if breathing becomes difficult or symptoms persist. Exposure can bring on dizziness, coughing, or labored breathing.
Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes, launder before reuse.
Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for no less than 15 minutes while holding eyelids open. Call a physician if irritation develops.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting. Obtain medical attention immediately, especially if large amounts are swallowed or symptoms occur.
Symptoms and Effects: May cause headache, irritation, nausea from inhalation; may irritate skin or eyes; swallowing can cause gastrointestinal upset or central nervous system effects.
Note to Physician: Symptomatic treatment, monitor for respiratory symptoms, no antidote exists.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide, depending on the size and location of the fire. Class B extinguishers are appropriate for fuel-rich blazes.
Unsuitable Media: Avoid direct water stream on molten product to prevent spattering.
Hazards from Combustion: May produce noxious fumes such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methylated aromatic vapors.
Protective Equipment: Firefighters should wear full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus to prevent exposure to hazardous products of combustion.
Special Procedures: Cool containers with water to prevent overheating and potential rupture. Evacuate area and fight from safe distance. Collect runoff to prevent environmental contamination.
Personal Precautions: Use personal protective equipment including gloves, eye protection, and dust masks to control possible inhalation or skin exposure.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into sewers, waterways, and sensitive soil. Notify local authorities if large spills threaten public resources.
Cleanup Methods: Sweep up material, avoid dust generation, and place into suitable chemical waste containers. Ventilate and wash spill site after material pickup is completed. Respiratory protection for cleanup teams recommended if there is a threat of dust or vapors.
Prevention of Secondary Hazards: Sweep gently to avoid airborne particles; remove all ignition sources in the vicinity; bag waste properly and label container.
Handling: Avoid breathing dust or vapors. Use in well-ventilated areas, employ anti-static equipment, and avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Prevent accumulation of dusts prone to combustion or explosion in confined areas.
Storage: Store tightly closed in a cool, dry, well-ventilated space away from oxidizers, strong acids, and ignition sources. Secure all containers upright to prevent leaks or tipping. Store away from food and beverages.
Special Notes: Containers should be clearly labeled at all times. Only trained personnel should access high-quantity stores to minimize risk of accidental release or misuse.
Occupational Exposure Limits: No established OSHA PEL or ACGIH TLV; general dust exposure limits often apply as a baseline.
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation, especially during weighing or transfer. Closed systems and dust explosion-proof equipment reduce risk and exposure.
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves such as nitrile, safety goggles, lab coats, and suitable respiratory protection for airborne dust or vapor. Face shields for bulk transfers.
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands after handling, remove contaminated work clothing before eating or leaving the laboratory, and avoid contact with skin or mucous membranes.
Appearance: White crystalline solid
Odor: Mild aromatic hydrocarbon scent reminiscent of other polymethylbenzenes
Melting Point: 79-81°C
Boiling Point: 196-198°C
Vapor Pressure: Low at room temperature
Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, diethyl ether, and benzene
Specific Gravity: 0.94 (25°C)
Flash Point: 77°C (closed cup)
Auto-Ignition Temperature: Approx. 515°C
Explosive Limits: Data limited; expected to behave similarly to other methylated benzenes with a wide range.
Viscosity: Not applicable for a solid form.
Chemical Stability: Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage.
Possibility of Hazardous Reactions: Can form flammable dust-air mixtures; reacts with strong oxidizing agents and acids.
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, sparks, open flames, static discharge, prolonged exposure to temperature extremes.
Incompatible Materials: Powerful oxidizers, strong acids, some halogenated compounds.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Toxic gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, incompletely burned aromatic hydrocarbons during fire or strong heating.
Acute Toxicity: LD50 Oral (rat): approximately 3,500 mg/kg; may cause dizziness, headache, skin, and respiratory tract irritation.
Skin Irritation: Slight irritation possible on prolonged or repeated exposure.
Eye Effects: Redness and tearing from contact.
Chronic Effects: Data limited, repetitive exposure may worsen pre-existing respiratory, skin, or eye conditions.
Carcinogenicity: Not listed by IARC, NTP, or OSHA as a known carcinogen.
Developmental/Reproductive Toxicity: No reliable evidence of teratogenicity or reproductive toxicity in literature.
Routes of Entry: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact.
Symptoms of Overexposure: Headache, dizziness, nausea, muscle weakness, confusion, skin or eye irritation may follow heavy exposure.
Ecotoxicity: Low acute aquatic toxicity, but bulk releases may harm aquatic life from physical coating or oxygen depletion.
Persistence and Degradability: Expected to be slowly biodegradable; aromatic ring structure resists rapid breakdown in environment.
Bioaccumulation Potential: Moderate, based on log Kow estimates and comparison with similar methylated aromatic compounds.
Mobility in Soil: Low; binds to organic matter in soils, slow migration.
Other Adverse Effects: Accumulation around discharge points may physically affect biota if not diluted or remediated; surface water sheen possible.
Product Disposal: Incinerate in approved facility, or dispose based on local, state, and federal environmental regulations. Prevent bulk disposal in general waste streams.
Contaminated Packaging: Triple rinse or clean containers before disposal. Label and treat as hazardous waste depending on local, state, and national regulations.
Special Instructions: Avoid landfill use for bulk product or mixtures; secure chain of custody for hazardous materials.
Reuse and Recycling: Not recommended for reused containers; send to specialized facilities for material or solvent recovery if economically justified.
UN Number: 1325 (based on flammability for related substances)
Shipping Name: Flammable solid, organic, n.o.s. (contains 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene)
Transport Hazard Class: 4.1 (Flammable solid)
Packing Group: III
Marine Pollutant: Not inherently classified as a marine pollutant but avoid uncontrolled discharges to water.
Label Requirements: Flammable solid, warning label for health hazards
Special Precautions: Secure packages for vibration and static; segregate from oxidizing agents and foodstuffs in shipment.
Regulatory Alignment: Ensure compliance with DOT, IMDG, IATA codes for export or import.
TSCA Inventory: Listed
REACH Registration: Pre-registered or registered under REACH for Europe, with proper dossiers available.
US SARA Title III: Not specifically listed under Section 302 or Section 313, but bulk uses may trigger emergency planning.
California Proposition 65: Not listed
Other International Regulations: Subject to workplace safety and pollution control regulations in Canada (WHMIS), Australia (AICS), and East Asian jurisdictions. Labels should match local pictograms and risk codes.
Employer Obligations: Provide staff training, accident records, regular risk assessments, and exposure monitoring where national workplace laws demand.
