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Chemical Name: 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene Chemical Formula: C6H3Cl3 Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow solid Odor: Slightly aromatic smell Common Uses: Solvent, intermediate in chemical synthesis Molecular Weight: 181.45 g/mol
Acute Hazards: Exposure can irritate eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Breathing high levels can cause dizziness and headache. Chronic Hazards: Prolonged contact can damage the liver and kidneys, with repeated exposure leading to potential organ toxicity. Flammability: This compound is combustible but not easily ignited. Environmental Impact: Highly toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. GHS Classification: Harmful if swallowed, suspected of causing cancer, irritant to skin and eyes.
Main Substance: 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene, pure content over 98% Impurities: Trace amounts of other trichlorobenzene isomers sometimes present, but bulk material is the target compound.
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air. Seek medical help if symptoms show up or persist, like coughing, shortness of breath, or headache. Skin Contact: Wash affected skin right away with soap and water. If rash or irritation continues, see a doctor. Eye Contact: Rinse carefully with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if worn. Medical attention is a must for any discomfort. Ingestion: Rinse mouth out with water. Hospital evaluation recommended, especially if large amounts swallowed or symptoms show up.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam. Water can help cool surrounding containers, but direct stream might spread the burning liquid. Hazardous Combustion Products: Releases hazardous gases like hydrochloric acid and phosgene in a fire. Personal Protective Equipment: Firefighters need full gear and self-contained breathing apparatus. Unusual Fire Hazards: Sealed containers can bust open if heated by fire. Low volatility lowers risk, but stored quantities in warehouses can fuel a serious blaze.
Personal Precautions: Avoid breathing dust or vapors. Air out the area. Keep away anyone not involved in cleanup. Cleanup Steps: Use non-sparking tools and collect residue in sealed containers. Wipe down surfaces with plenty of water and detergent. Spill Control: Prevent runoff into soil or water systems. Sand or inert absorbent material can help contain liquid. Environmental Guarding: Block drains and protect sewers. Disposal needs extra care, since even trace amounts can cause big aquatic stress.
Handling Tips: Wear gloves and goggles. Work in places with airflow or use ventilation. Wash hands after handling. Storage Details: Keep packages in a cool, dry, locked cabinet away from open flames and direct sunlight. Separate from oxidizers, acids, and reducing agents. Container Guidance: Keep containers tightly closed. Regular inspection helps spot leaks early.
Eyes and Face: Use splash-proof safety goggles. A face shield adds protection for large amounts. Skin: Chemical-resistant gloves and long sleeves lower risk of skin exposure. Respiratory Protection: Air-purifying respirators for high concentrations or spilled material. Engineering Controls: Local exhaust or fume hoods pull contaminated air away. Work Hygiene: No eating or drinking in work areas. Wash hands before breaks and at shift end.
State: Crystalline solid Boiling Point: Around 218°C (424°F) Melting Point: Around 52°C (126°F) Vapor Pressure: Low at room temperature Solubility in Water: Practically insoluble, floats on water Density: About 1.45 g/cm³ Odor Threshold: Detectable at low parts per million in air
Stability: Stable under ordinary temperatures and pressures in the absence of strong heat or open flame. Conditions to Avoid: Strong heat, ignition sources, strong acids, and oxidizers can start unwanted reactions. Decomposition Hazards: Hydrochloric acid and phosgene form if burned or strongly heated. Reactivity: Reacts with alkali metals, strong reducing agents, and nitric acid.
Acute Toxicity: Swallowing brings vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain. Inhaling heavy dust or fumes can trigger respiratory irritation and headaches. Chronic Effects: Repeat exposure linked to liver and kidney damage. Early studies suggest cancer risk with long-term heavy contact. Sensitization: No clear evidence of allergic reaction risk. Absorption: Gets in the body through breathing and, less efficiently, through skin contact. Carcinogenic Status: Not listed as a proven human cancer risk by IARC or NTP, but some animal studies raise questions.
Eco-Toxicity: Lethal to many fish and aquatic plants in low concentrations. Persistence: Not rapidly broken down in the environment; sticks around in soils and sediments. Bioaccumulation: Can collect in fish and frogs over time, passing up the food chain. Mobility: Doesn't soak into soil as easily as lighter organics, but if spilled near water, much of it floats and travels.
Waste Handling: Treat as hazardous waste, burn in a chemical incinerator fitted with scrubbers and afterburners when possible. Regulatory Limits: US and EU treat this waste as priority hazardous. Sewer Ban: Never pour down drains or into toilets—municipal plants aren't set up to deal with it. Container Disposal: Empty drums need decontamination before recycling or landfilling.
Shipping Class: Hazardous material for ground, sea, and air transport. Specific UN shipping numbers often apply. Packing Requirements: Leakproof, corrosion-resistant drums or jugs. Labeling: Clear hazard graphic showing toxic and environmental risks. Special Handling: Trained handlers should load and unload drums. Extra care for long hauls to prevent spills.
Regulatory Status: Subject to strict controls under hazardous chemical rules in the US, EU, and Asia. Air Emissions: Factories must limit air releases by law. Worker Protection: OSHA and similar bodies set exposure limits where it is processed or packed. Community Right-to-Know: Local emergency responders must be told about large amounts stored onsite. International Agreements: These include listing under toxic substance conventions, with trade and disposal rules to match.
