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Chemical Name: 1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
Synonyms: Cyclohexane, 1,1-dimethyl-
Chemical Formula: C8H16
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic hydrocarbon odor
Uses: Found in laboratories, sometimes part of industrial processes tied to organic synthesis, solvent applications, and chemical research
GHS Classification: Flammable liquid, Category 3; Skin irritation, Category 2; Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure), Category 3
Hazard Statements: Liquid catches fire easily; may irritate the skin and cause mild respiratory discomfort if inhaled at high concentrations; vapors form explosive mixtures with air
Pictograms: Flame, exclamation mark
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion
Symptoms: Headache, dizziness, nausea, skin dryness or cracking, possible drowsiness with higher exposure
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from sparks and flames; use in well-ventilated areas
Component: 1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
CAS Number: 590-66-9
Purity: Typically above 95% when supplied for chemical use
Impurities: Small amounts of related hydrocarbons could show up, depending on the synthesis method, but not usually enough to change the basic risk profile
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air immediately; watch for symptoms of drowsiness or breathing difficulty; medical attention may help when large amounts inhaled
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; wash skin with plenty of soap and water; moisturizing lotion can help with dryness
Eye Contact: Rinse gently with cool water for several minutes, holding eyelids open; consider medical attention if irritation persists
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; encourage rinsing mouth with water; seek medical attention promptly
General Advice: Always err on the side of caution—if in doubt, call for medical advice, especially in case of symptoms beyond minor irritation
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use foam, dry chemical powder, or carbon dioxide; water spray can cool containers but may spread fire if used in a direct stream
Special Hazards: Vapors are heavier than air, travel along the ground, ignite far from the spot they escape; decomposes under heat to produce irritating, possibly toxic gases
Advice for Firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, full protective gear; approach upwind to stay out of vapor path; cool exposed containers with water spray to prevent rupture from heat buildup
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area if spilled in large quantity; eliminate ignition sources right away; ventilate area, especially low spots where vapors collect
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into drains, watercourses, or soil to limit impact on aquatic life; if released, let authorities know if significant volume involved
Clean-Up Methods: Absorb with non-combustible, inert material like sand or vermiculite; collect into containers for proper disposal; avoid using tools that might spark
Handling: Use only with adequate ventilation to avoid inhaling vapors; ground and bond containers during transfer to stop static buildup; avoid breathing fumes or letting liquid touch skin
Storage: Store in tightly closed containers, kept cool and in a well-ventilated spot; keep away from sunlight, heat, open flame; don’t store with oxidizers or acids which could start dangerous reactions; label storage clearly to prevent confusion
Exposure Limits: No official occupational exposure limit for this compound set by most regulatory agencies, but common sense says to minimize inhalation and skin contact
Engineering Controls: Use fume hoods, explosion-proof ventilation in labs or industries where regular use occurs
Personal Protective Equipment: Nitrile or neoprene gloves keep skin safe; splash-proof goggles or face shield guard the eyes; flame-resistant lab coats or aprons provide another layer of defense; carry a respirator equipped for organic vapors if controls are not enough or for emergency work
Physical State: Liquid at room temperature
Color/Odor: Clear, colorless with mild hydrocarbon scent
Boiling Point: Close to 162-164°C
Melting Point: Roughly -78°C
Flash Point: Near 44°C (closed cup method)
Vapor Density: Heavier than air
Solubility: Not soluble in water; dissolves in organic solvents
Vapor Pressure: Moderate at room temperature, so enough vapor forms to be dangerous in enclosed spaces
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal use and temperature ranges; sunlight and heat speed up decomposition
Reactivity: Readily reacts with strong oxidants, including peroxides and some acids; these mixtures can produce heat, fire, or even explosions
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Burns to give carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, other hydrocarbons; incomplete combustion boosts toxicity
Likely Routes of Exposure: Skin, inhalation, eyes
Symptoms: Drowsiness, headache, throat or skin dryness, mild irritation; large doses by mouth or inhalation raise danger for central nervous system effects
Long Term Risks: Prolonged skin contact causes defatting, which may result in dermatitis; chronic exposure at high levels not well studied in humans, but similar hydrocarbons can affect the liver and central nervous system
Acute Toxicity: Animal tests hint at moderate toxicity with large doses, but typical handling poses more irritation than life-threatening risk
Aquatic Toxicity: Like many hydrocarbons, may float on water and harm aquatic insects and fish; substances in this family disrupt cellular respiration and gill function for aquatic species
Persistence and Degradability: Slowly breaks down in environment; not likely to accumulate in fish or soil after minor spills, but larger amounts stick around longer
Mobility in Soil: Low water solubility makes it stay mostly on the surface; lighter than water, so puddles and runoff are the main worry
Other Adverse Effects: Lack of water solubility reduces the direct risk to drinking water, except at spill sites; vapor phase contributes to smog formation in polluted cities
Recommended Disposal Methods: Collect in sealed containers for incineration at licensed chemical waste plants; never pour down the drain or toss in regular trash
Environmental Precautions: Notify local waste authorities before large disposals to pick safest method; accidental releases into soil or storm drains need cleanup to prevent waterway spread
Sustainable Practices: Whenever possible, reclaim or recycle hydrocarbon solvents in labs or plants, keeping waste to a minimum
UN Number: UN 1993 for flammable liquids, n.o.s.
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (flammable liquid)
Packing Group: III (moderate hazard)
Shipping Notes: Must travel in approved metal drums or containers; ensure clear hazard labeling; keep separated from oxidizers or acids during shipping and storage; rail and truck drivers familiar with risks handle most shipments
Safety Regulations: US OSHA classifies the material as a hazardous flammable liquid; workplaces working with it follow basic chemical hygiene and flammability protocols
Environmental Regulations: Listed under the US Clean Air Act as a volatile organic compound; emissions managed where used in bulk
Other Notes: Safety standards draw on long experience with similar cyclic hydrocarbons; training in proper handling makes a big difference in keeping incidents rare
