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Chemical Name: 1,1-Dimethoxyethane
Common Names: Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, Monoglyme
CAS Number: 110-71-4
Appearance: Colorless, highly flammable liquid
Odor: Mild, sweet, ether-like
Recommended Use: Solvent in chemical syntheses, laboratory research, electrolyte in batteries
Flammability: Vapors ignite easily and can travel to a source of ignition, resulting in flashback
Acute Health Hazards: Headache, dizziness, sleepiness, nausea if inhaled; skin and eye irritation
Long-term Risks: Possible reproductive toxicity concerns
Other Hazards: Formation of explosive peroxides with air or improper storage; dangerous for water environments when spilled in quantity
Main Ingredient: 1,1-Dimethoxyethane (approx. 99%)
Synonyms: Monoglyme
Impurities: Trace amounts of related ethers may appear, but regulations treat the bulk as a single-component hazardous chemical
Inhalation: Move exposed person to fresh air, monitor breathing, seek immediate medical attention if symptoms worsen
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes gently with water for several minutes, avoid rubbing, get medical help
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth, seek medical attention promptly
Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alcohol-resistant foam
Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde
Special Firefighting Procedures: Firefighters need full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus; stay upwind to avoid vapors
Explosion Risk: Vapors form flammable mixtures with air, especially in unventilated spaces; container rupture risk rises with heat
Small Spills: Contain with inert absorbent like sand or earth, ventilate the area well
Large Spills: Evacuate area if possible ignition sources are present, prevent spill from reaching drains or waterways, use non-sparking tools
Personal Precautions: Gloves, chemical goggles, and protective clothing as standard, avoid inhaling vapor
Environmental Precautions: Immediately inform relevant authorities if large quantities release into environment; highly mobile in water, may threaten aquatic life
Storage: Keep containers tightly closed, away from heat, sparks, and open flame; store in cool, dry, well-ventilated spaces using proper grounding
Handling: Ensure equipment is bonded and grounded to prevent static, work with small batches when possible, never eat or drink around the chemical
Incompatibles: Strong oxidizers, mineral acids, and air in presence of light, due to peroxide formation
Hygiene Practices: Wash hands and exposed skin thoroughly after handling, use protective clothing and change out of contaminated clothing promptly
Exposure Limits: Some industrial hygiene organizations recommend occupational exposure limits (e.g., NIOSH, ACGIH) due to central nervous system effects, though standardized limits vary by jurisdiction
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, closed processes, spark-proof electrical equipment
Personal Protective Equipment: Nitrile gloves, goggles, flame-resistant lab coat, sometimes respirator if ventilation is insufficient
Additional Precautions: Eye-wash stations and safety showers near work area, emergency planning for spills or accidental contact
Boiling Point: Around 85°C
Melting Point: Below -50°C
Flash Point: Approximately -2°C (closed cup)
Vapor Pressure: Moderate at room temperature, meaning it evaporates quite easily
Solubility: Highly soluble in water and organic solvents
Density: Close to 0.86 g/cm³
Appearance: Transparent, low-viscosity, sweet-smelling liquid
Chemical Stability: Stable under typical conditions if protected from light and air
Potential Hazards: Peroxides can form in uncapped or partially filled containers
Incompatible Substances: Strong acids, strong bases, oxidizing agents; never store with such materials
Decomposition Products: Toxic gases including formaldehyde in fire or high heat, creating invisible hazards
Acute Effects: Rapid absorption leads to headaches, nausea, dizziness, possible central nervous system depression
Chronic Exposure Risks: Some studies suggest possible risks to reproductive health, especially with prolonged or repeated exposure
Irritation: Contact irritates eyes and skin, may aggravate conditions like dermatitis
Additional Hazards: Vapor exposure can intensify risk of symptoms, making proper ventilation non-negotiable in workspaces
Aquatic Impact: Significant toxicity to aquatic life with prolonged exposure, even at moderate concentrations
Mobility: Moves easily in groundwater due to high solubility, raising stakes in case of spills
Degradability: Moderately biodegradable, but large releases can overwhelm water treatment and soil filtration
Bioaccumulation: Unlikely in living organisms, but repeated exposures in environments present risk
Preferred Disposal: Incinerate at licensed chemical waste facility; avoid landfills or pouring down drains
Special Handling: Use designated hazardous waste containers, avoid mixing with incompatible wastes
Legal Requirements: Follow local, state, and federal hazardous waste rules, including manifesting material if necessary
Environmental Care: Prevent entry into sewers or surface waters
UN Number: Classified as a hazardous material for transport
Hazards: Ships as a flammable liquid, with warnings about potential leaks, fire, and static discharge
Packaging: Secure, properly labeled drums or bottles; secondary containment required in many regions
Transport Protocol: Avoid route near schools or communities if possible, keep shipment documentation accessible at all times
OSHA Status: Regulated as hazardous; workplaces using it must provide training, labeling, and safety programs
TSCA Status: Listed for industrial use management
Community Right-to-Know: Users in the United States face disclosure and emergency planning obligations under SARA
International Standards: Included in chemical control programs globally due to flammability and health risks; users must track evolving requirements and restrict public exposure
